Chicago Style

Using the Chicago Style in-text citation using endnotes and footnotes are used. The citation list is titled Bibliography and references are listed alphabetically by author, with the second and subsequent lines of each reference indented. Where author name is unavailable the reference should begin with the title. Other Chicago rules are double spacing and month abbreviation except for the months of May, June and July. Please refer to the following examples of the Chicago style for various document types.

The Chicago writing style dictates that unpublished interviews and personal conversations should be cited in text or in notes rather than in the bibliography. While other styles suggest referencing internet citations in text, Chicago style does not and requires a full bibliographical reference. Each time a citation is used (through direct quote or paraphrase) a footnote or endnote should be included. The number corresponding to the note with the bibliographic information for that source should be placed within the text at the end of the sentence in which the source is cited.

Each time a source is used for the first time in the document all relevant information about the source should be included at the end of the page or chapter. When citing the same source again, the note need only include the surname of the author, the title (or a shortened form of the title) and the page number(s) cited. If citing the same source and page number(s) from a single source two or more times consecutively, the corresponding note should use the word ‘Ibid.’ If using the same source but a different page number, the corresponding note should use ‘Ibid.’ followed by a comma and the new page number(s).

Related Links and Resources

• The Chicago Manual of Style Online: Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide
• Chicago Manual of Style Citation Guide – library.osu.edu
• Chicago Citation Style – library.illinois.edu